Historical Moment: The 1908 Collinwood School Fire
The Collinwood School Fire of Collinwood Ohio, also known as the Lakeview Elementary School Fire, occurred March 4, 1908, killing 172 students, two teachers and a rescuer. It was one of the deadliest disasters of its type in the United States during its era
The fire began shortly after 9 a.m. when a wooden joist caught fire when it was overheated by a steam pipe. The building’s main stair case extended from the front doors of the building and up to the third floor, which caused the stairwell to act like a chimney, helping the fire to spread quickly. Oiled wooden hall and classroom floors also fueled the fire.
At first, it was thought the rear doors of the school opened inward and the children could not open them because they were jammed against the doors by the other panic-stricken children pushing from behind.
But a physical examination of the building later proved that the outer doors did open outward. The doors to the building were equipped with common door knob latches, not the more modern crash bar type latch. The report on the fire concluded that the children’s failure to escape resulted from their own panic.
Besides panic leading to the crush of a large number of students in stairwell vestibules, students also died as a result of smoke inhalation and the fire itself. Some children died jumping from second and third story windows.
Fleeing children also became wedged tightly on the stairs behind a set of inner vestibule doors that were narrower than the outer doors. Community members watched as victims trapped in the building were burned beyond recognition.
Those killed in the fire that could not be identified, or students whose parents could not afford a burial were buried in a mass grave in Cleveland’s Lakeview Cemetery.
The remains of the Lake View School were demolished and a memorial garden planned for the site. A new school, Collinwood Memorial Elementary School (razed in 2004) was later built adjacent to the disaster site.
This tragedy led to numerous school inspections across the country, which resulted in stricter laws; one being that “panic bar” latches are required on outer school doors.
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